大家好，我是盖尔盖利，负责出版一期务实工程师通讯。在每一期中，我都会通过工程经理和高级工程师的视角来报道大型科技公司和初创企业面临的挑战。要每周在您的收件箱中收到此类文章，请订阅：Hi, this is Gergely with an issue of the Pragmatic Engineer Newsletter. In every issue, I cover challenges at Big Tech and startups through the lens of engineering managers and senior engineers. To get articles like this in your inbox, every week, subscribe:

在本期中，我们将介绍：In this issue, we cover:

  1. **软件工程师喜欢哪些 IDE，为什么？**软件工程师在社交媒体上分享了他们最喜欢的集成开发环境 (IDE)，其中提及最多的一个是 Cursor。 WindSurf 和 Zed 似乎也以牺牲 Visual Studio 和 JetBrains 为代价而获得关注。Which IDEs do software engineers love, and why? Software engineers shared their favorite integrated development environments (IDEs) on social media, and the most-mentioned one by a comfortable margin was Cursor. WindSurf and Zed also seem to be getting traction at the expense of Visual Studio, and JetBrains.

  2. 行业脉搏。 Anthropic 的模型上下文协议； Bluesky 越来越接近 Threads；自动驾驶跨越了另一条道德红线；亚马逊的辞职人数可能会再次上升，甚至更多。Industry pulse. The Model Context Protocol by Anthropic; Bluesky getting close to Threads; Automattic crosses another ethical red line; Amazon resignations could be up again, and more.

1. 软件工程师喜欢哪些 IDE，为什么？1. Which IDEs do software engineers love, and why?

It’s been nearly 6 months since our research into which AI tools software engineers use, in the mini-series, AI tooling for software engineers: reality check.距离我们在迷你系列《软件工程师的人工智能工具：现实检查》中研究软件工程师使用哪些人工智能工具已经过去了近 6 个月。当时，最流行的工具是针对LLMs的 ChatGPT 和针对 IDE 集成工具的 GitHub copilot。然后今年夏天，当 Anthropic 的 Sonnet 3.5 模型发布时，我看到 Cursor IDE 开始流行，与 ChatGPT 相比，它具有更出色的代码生成能力。
Cursor 开始使用改进的模型。 At the time, the most popular tools were ChatGPT for LLMs, and GitHub copilot for IDE-integrated tooling. Then this summer, I saw the Cursor IDE becoming popular around when Anthropic’s Sonnet 3.5 model was released, which has superior code generation compared to ChatGPT.

为了了解开发人员的偏好可能发生怎样的变化，我问：To get a sense of how preferences of developers might have shifted, I asked:

“如果您是一名开发人员：您最喜欢的具有 GenAI 功能（有助于您的工作）的编码编辑器是什么？它有什么突出的地方吗？”“If you’re a dev: what is your favorite coding editor with GenAI features (that help your work)? What’s a standout thing about it?”

我在Bluesky 、 X和Threads上发帖，收到了 155 条通常很详细的回复。我们下面来看看。I posted on Bluesky, on X and on Threads, and received 155 often detailed responses. We look into it below.

与所有研究一样，我们与提到的任何供应商都没有隶属关系，也没有获得报酬来提及他们。更多内容请参阅我们的道德政策As with all research, we have no affiliation with any of the vendors mentioned, and were not paid to mention them. More in our ethics policy.

 数据来源Data source

大多数回复来自 Bluesky 和 X，_值得注意的是，与 X 相比，Bluesky 最近似乎有更多的开发者积极参与其中。我们在下面的行业动态部分详细介绍了 Bluesky 的受欢迎程度飙升。_Most responses come from Bluesky and X, and it’s noticeable that Bluesky seems to have consistently more developers active on it recently, compared to X. We cover more on Bluesky’s popularity spike in the Industry Pulse section below.

[

](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a97e247-ea29-43f2-8955-e9003cc1fd73_1392x1140.png)

在 155 条回复中，77 条发布在 Bluesky 上，62 条发布在 X 上，16 条发布在 Threads 上Of 155 responses, 77 were posted on Bluesky, 62 on X and 16 on Threads

This data is likely to be biased towards early tech adopters and non-enterprise users, as 正如我在社交媒体上发布的那样，**这些数据可能会偏向早期技术采用者和非企业用户，**以及活跃在这些网站上的自选软件工程师，他们可能了解最新的新工具，并且愿意收养他们。
来自初创公司或规模较小的规模扩大公司等小型公司的开发人员的回复较多，而来自大型公司的受访者很少。I posted on social media, and self-selecting software engineers active on those sites who are likely to be up-to-date on new tools, and willing to adopt them.

来自早期采用者的数据往往表明工具中的创新所在。然而，早期采用者使用的许多工具从未成为主流，通常是因为现状供应商在新竞争对手吸引太多客户之前就为客户调整了工具。
在这种情况下，“主流”IDE 是 Visual Studio、Visual Studio Code 和 JetBrains IDE。他们意图打破现状的竞争对手是过去几年内推出的新 IDE 初创公司。Data from early adopters tends to indicate where innovation is within tooling. However, many tools which early adopters use never go mainstream, often because status-quo vendors adapt their tooling for customers before new competitors can take too many customers.

 最喜欢的 IDEFavorite IDEs

[

](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24d6caab-35bf-4295-970a-a75df3e86f71_1526x1206.png)

开发人员最喜欢的 IDEIDE that devs name as their favorites

按提及次数最受欢迎：Most popular by number of mentions:

  1. 光标。一款人工智能优先的代码编辑器，迅速流行起来。Cursor. An AI-first code editor, rapidly gaining popularity.

  2. Visual Studio Code与 GitHub Copilot。大多数使用 Microsoft 免费 IDE 的受访者表示在此 IDE 中使用了 GitHub Copilot。 Visual Studio Code 支持许多扩展，包括 Supermaven 和 Cline 等（见下文）。Visual Studio Code with GitHub Copilot. Most respondents using Microsoft’s free IDE reported using GitHub Copilot within this IDE. Visual Studio Code supports many extensions, including the likes of Supermaven and Cline (see below).

  3. 带有 GitHub Copilot 的**JetBrains IDE** 。 JetBrains 制作特定于语言的 IDE。提到的包括 IntelliJ、PyCharm、PHPStorm 和 RubyMind。A JetBrains IDE with GitHub Copilot. JetBrains makes language-specific IDEs. Those mentioned were IntelliJ, PyCharm, PHPStorm, and RubyMind.

  4. 风帆冲浪编辑器。 Codeium两周前发布的一款“代理IDE”，迅速吸引了用户。Windsurf Editor. An “agentic IDE” released by Codeium just two weeks ago, which is attracting users fast.

  5. 泽德.专为与人工智能协作而设计的下一代代码编辑器。Zed. A next-generation code editor designed for collaboration with AI.

  6. Neovim与副驾驶。 Neovim 是一个基于 Vim 的文本编辑器，支持大量扩展，包括 GitHub Copilot。Neovim with Copilot. Neovim is a Vim-based text editor supporting plenty of extensions, including GitHub Copilot. 

  7. Supermaven ：不是 IDE，而是 AI 完成实用程序，可在 VS Code 或 JetBrains IDE 等 IDE 中工作。它上周被 Cursor 收购，这看起来是一次明智的收购。Supermaven: not an IDE, but an AI completion utility that works in IDEs like VS Code, or JetBrains IDEs. It was acquired last week by Cursor, which looks a smart acquisition.

  8. Aider ：基于终端的结对编程助手，不是IDE。使用 Aider 的侧面有一个 IDE，与 AIder 并行。Aider: a terminal-based pair programming assistant, not an IDE. Those using Aider have an IDE on the side, parallel with AIder.

  9. Cline ：一个扩展，而不是 IDE。它是集成到 IDE 中的自主编码代理**Cline**: an extension, not an IDE. It’s an autonomous coding agent integrating into IDEs 

“其他”部分中的 IDE 有一些提及：IDEs in the ‘other’ slice with a couple of mentions:

  • Sourcegraph 的**Cody** ：集成到 Visual Studio 和 JetBrains IDE 等 IDE 中的编码助手。Cody by Sourcegraph: a coding assistant integrating into IDEs like Visual Studio and JetBrains IDEs.

  • Vercel 的**v0** ：专门用于前端项目生成（React 和 NextJS 项目）的文本到设计界面**v0** by Vercel: a text-to-design interface specialized for frontend projects generation (React and NextJS projects)

  • Replit AI Agent ：与 AI 代理一起生成代码的 IDE**Replit AI Agent**: an IDE to work with an AI agent to generate code

  • 新博尔特 作者：Stackblitz：通过单个提示创建全栈 Web 应用程序**Bolt.new** by Stackblitz: create full-stack web apps from a single prompt

  • Neovim Avante ：一个 Neovim 插件，旨在模拟 Cursor AI IDE 的行为**Neovim Avante**: a Neovim plugin designed to emulate the behaviour of the Cursor AI IDE

  • Eclipse Theia ：一个开源 IDE，最近提供了AI 支持Eclipse Theia: an open source IDE, which recently shipped AI support

  • Augment Code ：专为团队设计的人工智能平台**Augment Code**: an AI platform designed for teams

  • Continue.dev ：开源人工智能助手**Continue.dev**: an open source AI assistant

  • Pear ：开源人工智能编辑器**Pear**: an open source AI editor

定价：所有工具都得到大量补贴吗？Pricing: are all tools heavily subsidized?

所有工具都利用人工智能模型来生成代码，而这些操作的执行需要花钱！即便如此，仍有一些工具是免费的，但有使用限制；但对于专业的开发工具来说，即使是付费的价格也感觉非常合理。All the tools utilize AI models for generating code, and these operations cost money to execute! Even so, several tools are free – with a limit on usage; but even paid-for prices feel very reasonable for professional developer tools.

免费工具（基本使用）：Free tools (for basic usage):

专业级功能的工具每月花费 10-20 美元：Tools costing $10-20/month for professional-grade capabilities:

所有工具的团队和企业价格都更昂贵；通常是个人成本的两倍左右。其中一些添加了企业功能，例如强制隐私、管理仪表板、集中计费等。Team and enterprise prices are more expensive across all tools; usually around double the individual cost. Several add enterprise features like enforcing privacy, admin dashboards, centralized billing, etc.

唯一每月费用超过 20 美元的工具是Augment Code ，每个开发人员每月收费 60 美元。假设使用这个工具可以提高生产力，那么即使这个高昂的价格标签也很便宜。The only tool costing above $20/month is Augment Code, which charges $60/month, per developer. Assuming there’s a productivity boost from using this tool, even this lofty price tag would be a bargain.

**因此，这些价格感觉得到了供应商的大力补贴，他们可能会亏本提供功能。**免费或低价提供 GenAI 功能意味着供应商必须从收入以外的来源为支持这些模型的基础设施提供资金。As such, these prices feel heavily subsidized by vendors, who may be offering capabilities at a loss. Giving away GenAI functionality for free or at a low price, means vendors must fund the infrastructure powering these models from sources other than revenue.

有合理的预期，随着时间的推移，生成代币的成本将会下降。然而，目前，就较大代码库上的代码生成所需的计算而言，任何大量使用代码生成的工程师都可能获得良好的性价比。There is a reasonable expectation that over time, the cost of generating tokens will decrease. However, right now, any engineer making heavy usage of code generation is likely getting good value for money, in terms of the compute required for code generation on larger codebases.

接下来，让我们看看最受欢迎的 IDE 初创公司，以及为什么工程师更喜欢它们而不是 VS Code 等成熟工具。With that, let’s look at the most popular IDE startups, and why engineers prefer them over established tools like VS Code.

 光标Cursor

这家 AI IDE 初创公司成立于 2022 年，并于 2023 年 3 月发布了其 IDE 的第一个版本。我的感觉是，Cursor 的受欢迎程度在 2024 年 7 月左右开始增加，当时他们添加了对 Sonnet 3.5 模型的支持并将其设为默认值。The AI IDE startup was founded in 2022, and released the first version of their IDE in March 2023. My sense is that the popularity of Cursor started increasing in around July 2024, when they added support for the Sonnet 3.5 model and made it the default.

正如他所分享的，Cursor 是开发人员 Roman Tsegelskyi 最喜欢的 IDE 的一些原因如下：Here’s some reasons why Cursor is the favorite IDE of developer Roman Tsegelskyi, as shared by him:

“即使在尝试了竞争对手之后，Cursor [也是我的最爱]。小事突出：“Cursor [is my favorite] even after trying the competitors. Small things standout:

1. 游标规则以及保存上下文的能力1. Cursor rules, and ability to save context

2. 与竞争对手相比，申请速度快2. Fast apply compared to competitors

 3. 作曲家3. Composer

总的来说，我觉得 Cursor 也为我带来了更好的结果。但是，我却无法完全理解这是为什么！”Overall, I feel that Cursor also produces better results for me. However, I can’t fully understand why!”

一些工程师提到Composer是他们使用 Cursor 的主要原因。这是一种类似人工智能代理的功能，可以跨多个文件工作，按照提示中描述的说明实现功能。以下是iOS 开发人员 Thomas Ricouard 提供的示例，指示 Composer 将 iOS 应用程序屏幕上的关键视图提取到其独立视图中，以及执行该任务的工具：Composer is a feature that several engineers mentioned as the main reason they use Cursor. It’s an AI agent-like feature that can work across several files, following instructions to implement functionality described in the prompt. Here’s an example from iOS developer, Thomas Ricouard, instructing Composer to extract key views on a screen of an iOS app into their independent views, and the tool doing the task:

对开发人员来说其他有用的功能：Other useful features for developers:

  • 更好的代码生成。 Cursor 选择使用 Sonnet 3.5 作为默认模型似乎是一个明智之举。 GitHub Copliot 似乎在三周前做出了回应，放弃了 OpenAI 的独占权，并允许开发人员也使用 Anthrophic 最新的LLM模型来生成代码。Better code generation. Cursor choosing to use Sonnet 3.5 as their default model seems to have been a smart move. GitHub Copliot seemed to respond three weeks ago by ditching OpenAI exclusivity, and allowing developers to also use Anthrophic’s newest LLM model for code generation.

  • **迅速。**一个普遍的看法是，与其他工具相比，光标感觉更快。Speedy. A common take was that Cursor felt faster compared to other tools.

  • 聊天。一些开发人员喜欢专用的聊天窗口，您可以在其中与LLM交互而无需离开开发环境。Chat. Several developers like the dedicated chat window, where you can interact with an LLM without leaving the development environment.

  • 轻松在线编辑。轻松选择多行，然后向 AI 添加有关如何编辑它们的说明Easy in-line editing. Easy to select several lines, then add instructions to the AI on how to edit them

  • 熟悉度。作为 Visual Studio Code 的分支，所有 VS Code 都熟悉用户界面Familiarity. As a Visual Studio Code fork, the user interface is familiar to all VS Code 

  • 切换机型。这揭示了不同的LLMs如何运作，开发人员可以选择最适合的一个。Switching models. This reveals how different LLMs work, and developers can choose the one that fits best.

有些开发人员使用了 Cursor 一段时间，然后就离开了。我看到的最常见的抱怨是 Cursor给出的建议太多，而且太频繁；以至于感觉过度侵扰。There are developers who used Cursor for a while, then moved on. The most common complaint I saw was that Cursor gives too many suggestions, and too often; to the point of feeling over-intrusive.

 风帆冲浪Windsurf

这是最近发布的 AI 代码编辑器，由 Codeium 构建。我感觉到了与 Cursor 出现时类似的嗡嗡声，但现在 Cursor 是被比较的那个。
Windsurf 专注于进一步改进与 GenAI 的协作流程，并拥有一个界面，可以让您更轻松地跟踪 AI 正在做的事情。This is a recently-released AI code editor, built by Codeium. I sense a similar buzz about it as when Cursor came out, but now Cursor is the one being compared .

[

](https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3ada5e4-5be1-4277-a873-0334699162b0_1600x979.png)

Windsurf 让您可以更轻松地跟踪人工智能的工作。向右看以检查每个小差异。资料来源： X 上的韦斯·博斯 (Wes Bos)Windsurf makes it easier to follow what the AI does. Look right to inspect each small diff. Source: Wes Bos on X

技术人员表示，Windsurf在调试时更有帮助，它可以帮助人们参与编码循环，并主动提供对混乱代码库的重构。Techies said Windsurf is even more helpful when debugging, that it helps keep people in the coding loop, and proactively offers refactoring of messy codebases.

Cascade是 Windsurf 的“杀手级”功能之一。与 Compose by Cursor 类似，Cascade 是一个代理聊天机器人，可以跨多个文件进行协作。它有“写代码”和“聊天”模式。它还可以运行终端命令。Cascade is one of Windsurf’s “killer” features. Similarly to Compose by Cursor, Cascade is an agentic chatbot to collaborate with across multiple files. It has a “write code” and a “chat” mode. It can also run terminal commands.

以下是前产品经理 Amul Badjatya 对 Cursor 和 Windsurf 的比较，他同时使用这两种工具进行编码：Here’s a comparison between Cursor and Windsurf by former product manager Amul Badjatya, who uses both for coding:

“在过去 8 周内，我使用 Windsurf 的时间超过 30 小时，使用 Cursor 的时间超过 150 小时（两者都是高级订阅）“I’ve used the Windsurf for 30+ hours and Cursor for 150+ hours in last 8 weeks (premium subscription of both)

  1. Windsurf的Cascade工作流程优于Cursor的Compose工作流程，具有更好的索引（+代码上下文）。 Cursor 在这方面确实很糟糕，而 Windsurf 则非常出色，尤其是当代码库快速发展时。The Cascade workflow of Windsurf is superior to the Compose workflow of Cursor, with better indexing (+ code context). Cursor is really bad at it, while Windsurf is just so good, especially when a codebase is evolving fast.

  2. Windsurf Cascade 可以运行终端命令，但 Cursor Compose 不能。这很重要，因为从终端复制粘贴内容不再破坏您的流程。Windsurf Cascade can run terminal commands, but Cursor Compose cannot. This is important because copy-pasting stuff from the terminal no longer breaks your flow.

  3. Cursor 的 Claude 很快就“疲倦”了，仅仅编码了 30-60 分钟。与此同时，Windsurf 的 Claude 在最初的几个小时内质量更加稳定。需要多次重新启动 Cursor 才能保持 AI 功能的响应。Cursor’s Claude gets “tired” really quickly, just 30-60 minutes into coding. Meanwhile, Windsurf’s Claude is far more consistent in quality during the first few hours. It’s necessary to restart Cursor multiple times to keep the AI features responsive.

  4. Cursor 有一个 @web 标签，可以帮助您吸收在线最新信息，而 Windsurf 则没有。Cursor has a @web tag which helps you assimilate the latest information online, Windsurf does not. 

  5. 我永远无法在 Cursor Compose 上更新 Markdown 文件（.md 文件）。不知何故，它们总是在文件中更新一半，在聊天中更新一半。我在使用其他模型时看到类似的问题：他们不是修改文件，而是在聊天中回复。I can never update Markdown files (.md files) on Cursor Compose. They are somehow always half-updated in the file, half updated in the chat. I see similar problems when using other models: instead of modifying files, they reply in chat.

由于 @ web 功能，我现在正在使用 Cursor 进行非代码研究工作。我的代码相关工作主要是在 Windsurf 上进行的。我正在等待代码索引在光标上变得更好。I am using Cursor right now for non-code research work due to @ web feature. My code-related work is driven primarily on Windsurf. I’m waiting for code indexing to get better on cursor.

**这两个工具都远远领先于 Copilot 或我使用过的其他插件。**我真的很喜欢他们两个。”Both tools are far ahead of Copilot or other plugins I’ve used. I really like both of them.”

很少有新的 IDE 如此受欢迎，即使是早期采用者也是如此。我联系了 Windsurf 团队，了解有关其创新工具开发的更多详细信息。他们的回应：It’s rare to see a new IDE be so popular, even with early adopters. I reached out to the Windsurf team for more details about the development of their innovative tool. Their response:

Windsurf 的团队有多大？How big is the team at Windsurf?

“整个工程团队超过 50 人。产品工程、研究和基础设施都必须结合在一起才能创造风帆冲浪体验 - 尤其是 Cascade。‘The engineering team as a whole is upwards of 50 people. Product engineering, research, and infrastructure all had to come together to create the Windsurf experience – especially Cascade.’

团队是如何想出 Cascade 的？How did the team come up with Cascade?

“我们从现有的人工智能使用范式开始：‘We started with the existing paradigms of AI usage:

  • 副驾驶之所以伟大，是因为他们与开发人员的协作；人类总是处于循环之中。话虽如此，为了让人类了解情况，副驾驶通常仅限于执行短期任务。Copilots are great because of their collaborativeness with the developer; the human is always in the loop. That being said, to keep the human in the loop, copilots are generally confined to short-scoped tasks. 

  • 代理很棒，因为人工智能可以独立迭代来完成更大的任务。代价是你失去了协作方面，这就是为什么我们还没有看到代理 IDE。 IDE 就有点大材小用了。Agents are great because the AI can independently iterate to complete much larger tasks. The tradeoff is that you lose the collaborative aspect, which is why we haven’t seen an agentic IDE (yet). An IDE would be overkill. 

“副驾驶和特工都很强大，但通常被视为互补，因为他们的优点和缺点确实是互补的。‘Both copilots and agents are powerful, but have generally been seen as complementary because their strengths and weaknesses are indeed complementary.

Cascade 的想法实际上源于这样一个问题：“如果人工智能兼具两全其美，如果人工智能既能够协作又能够独立，会怎么样？这种品质是人类与众不同的一方面。‘The idea of Cascade really stemmed from the question: “what if the AI had the best of both worlds, what if the AI was capable of being both collaborative and independent? This quality is one aspect of what makes humans special.

“我们知道，要实现这一点，我们需要有一系列专门构建的模型，延迟必须非常低，才能让这些代理感受到“协作”。我们必须找到正确的方法来结合知识源、工具调用和开发人员行为的实时跟踪。
这些都是必须解决的研究问题，才能使这种新范式成为可能，我们将其称为“流程”。级联是聊天的流程演变，但这只是开始。‘We knew that for this to work, we would need to have a series of purpose-built models, the latency would have to be very low for these agents to feel “collaborative.” and we’d have to find the right way to combine knowledge sources, tool calls, and realtime tracking of developer behavior.

Cascade 使用哪个LLM ？Which LLM does Cascade use?

‘我们使用一组许多模型。有些是第三方模型，例如 Anthropic 或 OpenAI，用于某些长上下文推理步骤，而我们还有其他模型用于基于LLM的检索、代码更改的快速应用等。‘We use a set of many models. Some are third-party models like Anthropic’s or OpenAI’s for some of the long-context reasoning steps, while we have other models for our LLM-based retrieval, fast application of code changes, and more.’

您使用 Windsurf 来构建 Windsurf 吗？Did you use Windsurf to build Windsurf?

‘是的！我们内置到 Windsurf 中的许多核心功能都是用 Windsurf 构建的！在分叉 VS Code 时，Windsurf 是帮助开发人员快速浏览新代码库并进行更改的巨大促进剂。‘Yes! Many core features we’ve built into Windsurf were built with Windsurf! While forking VS Code, Windsurf was a huge accelerant for helping developers navigate through the new codebase quickly and make changes.’

您能举一个使用 Windsurf 的大型代码库的示例吗？它有多大？Can you give an example of a large codebase that uses Windsurf, and how large it is?

“Super.com（年收入 100MM 美元的企业）的联合创始人 Henry Shi在他们的大型代码库中使用了它，该代码库在 monorepo 中拥有数百万行代码，支持跨 10 多个域的前端。”‘Henry Shi, the cofounder of Super.com (a $100MM/yr business) used it on their large codebase, which has millions of lines of code in the monorepo, supporting their frontend across 10+ domains.’

 泽德Zed

该 IDE于 2023 年 3 月公开发布，与 Cursor 推出同月。该工具由14 名开发人员组成的核心团队构建，并且是唯一为注册用户提供免费、无限制的 AI 完成的AI 工具之一- 这得益于与 Anthropic 的合作。_未来这个功能肯定会成为付费产品。_This IDE was publicly released in March 2023, the same month as Cursor launched. The tool is built by a core team of 14 developers, and is one of the only AI tools to offer free, unlimited AI completion for registered users – thanks to a collaboration with Anthropic. This feature will surely become a paid product, in the future.

这就是为什么 Zed 是软件工程师兼创始人Siddhart Jha最喜欢的编辑：Here’s why Zed is the favorite editor of software engineer and founder, Siddhart Jha:

“向 ai 上下文窗口提供特定文件、选择模型、使用 copilot/supermaven 的补全都很容易。“It’s easy to provide specific files to the ai context window, choose models, use completions from copilot/supermaven.

我喜欢人工智能功能不引人注目，并且在需要时不会造成影响。”I like that the ai features are unobtrusive and stay out of the way until needed.”

开发者更喜欢 Zed 的其他原因：Other reasons devs prefer Zed:

  • 非常好的 Vim 模式：适合喜欢这种用户界面的工程师。对于热爱 Vim 的开发者来说，Zed 似乎是一个流行的编辑器选择。Very good Vim mode: for engineers preferring this kind of user interface. For devs who love Vim, Zed seems to be a popular choice of editor.

  • **快速地。**经常受到称赞的是编辑和LLM反应都很敏捷。 Zed 团队对 Anthropic 模型实施了即时缓存，以提高速度。Fast. A frequent compliment is how snappy both the editor and LLM responses are. The Zed team implemented prompt caching for Anthropic models to get a speed boost.

  • 键位图。编辑器可以配置为使用您习惯的 IDE 的键映射；无论是 JetBrains、Sublime Text、VSCode 或其他.这使得习惯于 JetBrains IDE 的用户可以特别轻松地进行切换。Keymaps. The editor can be configured to use the key mappings of the IDEs you’re used to; be it JetBrains, Sublime Text, VSCode, or another. This makes it particularly easy to switch for those used to JetBrains IDEs.

  • **几种型号。**该编辑器与多个LLMs很好地集成。Several models. The editor nicely integrates with several LLMs.

  • Zed 配置：这些文件可以轻松共享。这是一个示例文件Zed configs: these files can be easily shared. Here’s an example file

有关 Visual Studio Code 和 JetBrains IDE 的注释Notes on Visual Studio Code and JetBrains IDEs

Engineers sticking with Visual Studio Code or JetBrains seem to mostly use code autocomplete. 坚持使用 Visual Studio Code 或 JetBrains 的工程师似乎主要使用代码自动完成功能。 Cursor 和 Windsurf 最令人惊叹的时刻是它们的多文件编辑和代理功能。
痴迷于此功能的开发人员似乎不想回到 GitHub Copilot 提供的更有限的体验，以及大多数 AI 与 Visual Studio Code 和 JetBrains IDE 的集成。The big “wow” moments of Cursor and Windsurf are their multi-file editing and agentic capabilities.

像Cline这样的插件可以跨多个文件工作，但用户体验更加有限，并且仅限于扩展，这与 Cursor 和 Windsurf 围绕这些功能构建新型 IDE 的方式形成鲜明对比。There are plugins like Cline that work across several files, but the user experience is more limited and confined to being an extension, in contrast to how Cursor and Windsurf build a new type of IDE around these features.

**Where is JetBrains AI?****JetBrains AI 在哪里？**关于 JetBrains 的一个有趣的观察是，大多数使用其 IDE 的开发人员也使用 GitHub Copilot 作为LLM ，尽管 JetBrains 提供了自己的 JetBrains AI。
This service is at exactly the same price point as Copilot, so it would be expected that devs on JetBrains IDEs use the provided LLM tool. But it doesn’t seem to be happening. Feedback An interesting observation about JetBrains is that most devs using its IDEs also use GitHub Copilot as the LLM, even though JetBrains offers its own JetBrains AI.shared by engineers is that JetBrains AI is not as good as the competition: specifically, it doesn’t ingest code as efficiently as others.该服务的价格与 Copilot 完全相同，因此 JetBrains IDE 上的开发人员预计会使用提供的LLM工具。但这似乎并没有发生。工程师们分享的反馈是，JetBrains AI 不如竞争对手：具体来说，它提取代码的效率不如其他产品。

鉴于 AI 助手不断改进，当 JetBrains 这样做时，它可能能够重新吸引已经使用其 IDE 的客户。Given that AI assistants continuously improve, as and when JetBrains does so then it might be able to bring back customers already using their IDEs.

这是 IDE 革命吗？Is this an IDE revolution?

许多 IDE 在 18 个月的时间内推出并获得了动力，而且创新尚未结束。Many IDEs have launched and gained momentum in the span of 18 months, and the innovation isn’t over yet.

**预计会有更多初创公司推出新的人工智能驱动的 IDE。**有几家人工智能初创公司已经筹集了数亿美元，但尚未发布面向公众的产品，其中包括：Expect even more startups to launch new AI-powered IDEs. There are several AI startups that have raised hundreds of millions of dollars and are yet to release a public-facing product, including:

  • **Magic.dev：**这家隐形生成式人工智能初创公司在 8 月份筹集了3.2 亿美元资金，前谷歌首席执行官埃里克·施密特 (Eric Schmidt) 也参与了投资。该公司尚未发布产品，但正在开发新产品。Magic.dev: the stealth generative AI startup raised $320M in funding in August, with ex-Google CEO Eric Schmidt also investing. The company has not yet released a product, but is working on something new.

  • Cognition A I： “AI 开发者”Devin背后的开发者也在 8 月份筹集了 1.75 亿美元，但尚未公开发布产品。Cognition AI: the developers behind the “AI developer” Devin raised $175M also in August, and have yet to release a product publicly.

**任何时候都不要指望微软。**让我惊讶的是，Cursor 远比 Visual Studio Code 和 GitHub Copilot 更受欢迎，因为微软拥有强大的品牌、优越的发行版，而且这家科技巨头似乎在 2021-2024 年凭借 GitHub Copilot 的执行力超过了 GenAI 初创公司。Don’t count out Microsoft any time. I was surprised that Cursor is far more popular than Visual Studio Code and GitHub Copilot because Microsoft has a strong brand, superior distribution, and the tech giant seemed to out-execute GenAI startups in 2021-2024 with GitHub Copilot.

GitHub even previewed GitHub WorkflowsGitHub 甚至在 3 月份预览了GitHub Workflows ，这被认为是 Copilot 的演变，并将为 Visual Studio 带来代理行为。但从那以后似乎发生了一些事情。
GitHub 被感觉像是过时的LLM模型 (GPT 4.0)“困住”了，并且没有响应 Cursor 的 Composer 和 Windsurf 的 Cascade 等功能。 in March, which was supposed to be the evolution of Copilot, and would have brought agentic behavior to Visual Studio. But something seems to have happened since then.

与此同时，微软在这场AI驱动的IDE竞争中仍然处于令人羡慕的战略地位：At the same time, Microsoft is still in an enviable strategic position in this AI-powered IDE competition:

  • 几乎所有“获胜”的 IDE 都是基于 Visual Studio Code 构建的。 Cursor 和 Windsurf 都是 Visual Studio Forks。这意味着 Microsoft 可以足够快地将这些分支创建的创新集成到 Visual Studio Code 和 Visual Studio 中。为此的开发工作需要数月而不是数年的时间。Nearly all “winning” IDEs are built on top of Visual Studio Code. Both Cursor and Windsurf are Visual Studio Forks. This means that Microsoft can integrate innovations created by those forks quickly enough into Visual Studio Code and Visual Studio. The development effort for this takes months, not years.

  • **GitHub 团队仍然保持敏捷，并且一定会做出回应。**微软收购 GitHub 时，并没有将该组织整合到微软中，而是让其相对独立运营。这意味着 GitHub 团队可以在需要时快速采取行动。 GitHub Copilot 已经添加了对更高级的LLM模型（如 Sonnet 3.5）的支持。The GitHub team remains nimble, and will surely respond. When Microsoft acquired GitHub, it did not integrate the organization into Microsoft, but has left it operating relatively independently. This means the GitHub team can move quickly when needed. Already, GitHub Copilot added support for more advanced LLM models like Sonnet 3.5.

  • **Microsoft’s distribution advantage is not going anywhere.****微软的分销优势不会消失。**没有其他大公司可以向像微软这样的大公司出售企业工具。
    为了继续成为提供最常用的 AI 驱动的 IDE 的供应商，它不需要成为市场上最好的，因为与 Microsoft 企业交易的大公司将更容易地转换为 Visual Studio 和 GitHub Copilot，而不是转换为启动工具。 No other large company can sell enterprise tools to larger companies like Microsoft.

**Zed 是一个很有前途的方向，证明从头开始仍然是可能的。**在流行的 IDE 中，Zed 是唯一的非 Visual Studio Code 分支。该 IDE 是使用 Rust 从头开始构建的。 Zed 违背了当今的传统观念：要构建一个被采用的 IDE，_不_分叉 Visual Studio Code 是不明智的。Zed is a promising direction, proving it’s still possible to start from scratch. Across the popular IDEs, Zed is the only non-Visual Studio Code fork. The IDE is built from scratch, using Rust. Zed defies what seems to be the conventional wisdom these days: that to build an IDE that gets adoption, it’s unwise to not fork Visual Studio Code.

**AI驱动的IDE正处于“蓬勃发展的创新”阶段。**人工智能驱动的 IDE 如此之多，因为有机会占领很大一部分开发者市场；这是一个年收入数十亿美元的市场，技术专业人士愿意花钱购买先进的工具来提高他们的产出。AI-powered IDEs are firmly at the “booming innovation” stage. There are so many AI-powered IDEs because there’s an opportunity to capture a large part of the developer market; this is a market worth billions of dollars in annual revenue, with tech professionals willing to pay for advanced tools that improve their output.

与此同时，JetBrains 是全球排名第二的 IDE 工具制造商，仅次于 Microsoft，拥有1600 万开发人员使用其产品；所以它已经是一个相当大的目标了。很明显，微软在创新方面正在被 Cursor、Windsurf、Zed 等初创公司超越，这些初创公司投入了大量资金，成为 AI 驱动的 IDE 之战的胜利者，成为 AI 时代的下一个 JetBrains。
Meanwhile, JetBrains is the #2 IDE tools maker, globally, behind Microsoft, with It’s clear that Microsoft is being out-innovated by startups like Cursor, Windsurf, Zed, and others with plentiful investment in becoming the winner of an AI-powered IDE battle to be the next JetBrains of the AI era.16 million developers using its products; so it’s already a pretty big target to shoot at.

祝所有构建创新 IDE 的团队好运。作为一名软件工程师，为什么不尝试一些新的挑战者产品呢？它们可能有助于提高生产力并使日常工作变得更轻松！Good luck to all teams building innovative IDEs. As a software engineer, why not try some of the new challenger products; they may help increase productivity and make day-to-day work easier!

 2、行业脉搏2. Industry pulse

12 月 10 日和 11 日将是重要的发布日？10 and 11 December to be huge launch days?